Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice
Published on: May 1, 2021
Antibiotic susceptibility of preoperative normal conjunctival bacteria
Herminia Miño de Kaspar1, Michael J Koss, Lingmin He
1Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Purpose:
To determine the antibiotic susceptibility of preoperative conjunctival bacterial flora.
Design:
In vitro study.
Methods:
Antibiotic susceptibility of conjunctival bacterial strains isolated from 164 patients undergoing intraocular surgery was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion technique.
Results:
Among the 162 bacteria isolated, 124 (76%) were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), with 2% resistant to gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, and none were resistant to vancomycin or minocycline. Other bacteria isolated were 19 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), 8 Streptococcus Group D, and 11 gram-negative rods. Most S. aureus (>85%) were susceptible to all antibiotics except for the penicillin and macrolide groups. No streptococci were resistant to gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, mezlocillin, imipenem, or vancomycin. None of the gram-negative rods were resistant to the fluoroquinolones. Approximately one half of all bacteria were resistant to erythromycin. One in three patients harbored multi-resistant bacteria (resistant to > or = five antibiotics).
Conclusions:
Newer-generation fluoroquinolones provide excellent broad-spectrum coverage against conjunctival bacterial flora.
Related Concept Videos
Microbiome of the Eye
Surface Membrane Barriers
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic Selection
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract
