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Updated: Aug 18, 2026
An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System
Published on: March 17, 2023
[The evaluation of visual disorders in preschool children]
Ona Majauskiene1, Rimtaute Aukstikalniene, Rūta Ceponiene
1Clinic of Eye Diseases, Kaunas University of Medicine, Eiveniu 2, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania. okuliaras@omni.lt
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the visual disorders and their causes in preschool children.
Materials And Methods:
We have examined 839 children of 2-6 years. They were divided into two age groups: of 2-3 years (I gr.) and of 4-6 years old (II gr.). We estimated the visual acuity at 3m distance, binocular vision, refractive status by cycloplegic skiascopy (sol. cyclogyli 1% x 2).
Results:
Impaired vision was found in 14.94% of children, but it was significant in the second group (p<0.05); binocular vision was absent in 4.2% of the children. The evaluation of refraction showed that the cause of visual disorders was hyperopia of various degree (43.26%), hyperopic astigmatism (23.08%), spasm of accommodation (14.42%). The second group had significantly more cases of astigmatism and spasm of accommodation (27.38% and 16.67%, respectively), less common--strabismus (1.19%); it was significantly different from the first group (p<0.05).
Conclusions:
Visual disorders were diagnosed in 14.94% of 2-6 years children. Impaired vision of preschool children was caused by the ocular ametropias (hyperopia of various degrees, astigmatism) and disorders of accommodation.
