Vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome staging and treatment

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a well known lesion. Sophisticated imaging techniques can clearly highlight any anatomical damage and a wide range of therapeutic choices are available. It would seem obvious that any given patient should obtain the same treatment irrespective of the medical institution he contacts, but this is not the case. Instead each specialist may recommend different treatments: physiatrist, neurologist, surgeons (thoracic, vascular, neuro, orthopedic). Everyone preserves his specific language and there is no univocal treatment plan consensus for this complex syndrome. Evidently, the correct staging of TOS is still an unresolved question. In order to solve this problem, we collected all clinical and instrumental aspects of the syndrome into a clear, precise classification. Similar to TNM staging of malignant diseases, we used a grouping model based on the three mainly involved anatomical structures: N (= Nerves; brachial plexus and sympathetic fibers), A (= Artery; subclavian-axillary), V (= Vein; subclavian-axillary). We named it the NAV staging of TOS. A retrospective examination of our case records confirmed a valid and useful correlation between the proposed NAV staging and the therapeutic procedures that were actually applied. It is now essential to perform a multi-centre study to extend the validity of our staging.