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Histamine in allergic inflammation and immune modulation
Marek Jutel1, Kurt Blaser, Cezmi A Akdis
1Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Davos, Switzerland.
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
|April 16, 2005
Summary
Histamine influences both acute and chronic inflammation by regulating immune cell functions and responses. Its effects are mediated through four histamine receptors (HRs), impacting immune tolerance and cell polarization.
Area of Science:
- Immunobiology
- Inflammation research
- Cellular immunology
Background:
- Histamine is traditionally known for acute inflammation and hypersensitivity.
- Emerging evidence shows histamine's role in chronic inflammation and immune regulation.
- Cytokines modulate histamine synthesis, release, and histamine receptor (HR) expression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the multifaceted roles of histamine in immune responses.
- To elucidate how histamine and its receptors influence chronic inflammation.
- To highlight the regulatory mechanisms of histamine in immune cell functions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on histamine and immune system interactions.
- Analysis of studies on histamine receptor (HR) expression and function.
- Investigation of histamine's effects on immune cell polarization and tolerance.
Main Results:
- Histamine regulates immune cell recruitment, maturation, activation, and polarization.
- Histamine receptor type 2 (HRH2) positively influences T regulatory cell-induced peripheral tolerance.
- Histamine modulates antigen-specific Th1/Th2 cells and antibody responses.
- Differential expression and signaling of four HRs contribute to diverse immune effects.
Conclusions:
- Histamine is a key regulator in both acute and chronic inflammatory processes.
- Histamine receptors (HRs) play critical roles in immune tolerance and cell-mediated immunity.
- Understanding histamine's complex immunobiology offers new therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases.