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Related Experiment Videos

Microbubbles during radiofrequency catheter ablation: composition and formation.

Mark A Wood1, Katherine M Shaffer, Amy L Ellenbogen

  • 1Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0053, USA. mwoodmd@pol.net

Heart Rhythm
|April 27, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Microbubble formation during radiofrequency (RF) ablation indicates steam formation and excessive tissue heating. This heating can extend to adjacent organs like the lung and esophagus during cooled ablation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Interventions
  • Medical Physics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Echocardiography-visualized microbubbles during radiofrequency (RF) ablation signal excessive tissue heating.
  • Limited data exists on the specific tissue temperatures associated with microbubble formation.
  • Understanding these temperatures is crucial for optimizing RF ablation safety and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify tissue temperatures during microbubble formation in RF ablation.
  • To investigate the relationship between microbubble characteristics and tissue heating.
  • To assess potential thermal spread to adjacent tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optical fluorometric thermometry probes to measure tissue temperatures in porcine atrial preparations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed irrigated ablation electrodes for RF energy delivery.
  • Monitored microbubble formation using echocardiography.

    • Main Results:

    • Intermittent (type 1) microbubble formation correlated with temperatures of 81.0°C (lung) and 88.3°C (esophagus).
    • Continuous (type 2) microbubble formation showed higher temperatures (91.4°C lung, 99.2°C esophagus), with "pops" exceeding 100°C.
    • Maximal heating occurred up to 4mm deep and externally, indicating potential damage to adjacent lung and esophageal tissues.

    Conclusions:

    • Microbubble formation during RF ablation signifies tissue overheating to the point of steam generation.
    • Adjacent tissues, including the lung and esophagus, are susceptible to maximal heating during cooled ablation.
    • RF energy delivery may require significant reduction to maintain target temperatures after microbubble formation.