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[Hypophyseal dysfunction and tumors].

U Bürgi1, R Seiler

  • 1Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Inselspital, Bern.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|March 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Pituitary tumors, including prolactinomas, can disrupt hormone secretion and cause symptoms. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, hormone tests, and imaging, with treatment options including surgery, radiation, and medication.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Neurology

Context:

  • Pituitary tumors are neoplasms originating from the pituitary gland.
  • These tumors can be hormone-secreting or non-secreting, impacting normal endocrine function.
  • Non-secreting tumors can cause mass effect symptoms like headaches and visual disturbances.

Purpose:

  • To outline the diagnostic work-up for pituitary tumors.
  • To describe the various types of hormone-secreting pituitary tumors.
  • To present treatment modalities for pituitary tumors and hormone deficiencies.

Summary:

  • Pituitary tumors vary in type, with prolactinomas being most common, followed by growth hormone, ACTH, and gonadotropin-producing tumors; TSH-producing tumors are rare.
  • Diagnostic evaluation includes clinical assessment, comprehensive pituitary function tests (TSH, fT4, LH, FSH, E2/T, GH, IGF-1, PRL, ACTH, Cortisol, osmolality), and imaging (CT/MRI).

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  • Treatment strategies encompass surgery, radiation therapy, and pharmacotherapy (dopamine agonists for hyperprolactinemia, somatostatin analogs for acromegaly), with hormone deficiencies managed by hormone replacement.
  • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of pituitary tumor diagnosis and management.
    • Highlights the importance of accurate assessment for effective treatment planning.
    • Informs clinicians on current therapeutic options for pituitary disorders.