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The prototype effect in recognition memory: intact in autism?

Catherine J Molesworth1, Dermot M Bowler, James A Hampton

  • 1City University, London, UK. c.j.molesworth@city.ac.uk

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|May 10, 2005
PubMed
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This study found that children with autism exhibit a typical prototype effect in recognition memory, challenging previous theories of impaired categorization. Both autistic and typically developing children demonstrated intact recognition memory and a full prototype effect.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Autism is theorized to involve impairments in prototype formation or common feature processing.
  • Central coherence theory suggests reduced prototype effects in autism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prototype effects in recognition memory in children with autism spectrum disorder.
  • To test predictions of impaired categorization in autism.

Main Methods:

  • Children with autism or Asperger syndrome and typically developing controls completed picture recognition tasks.
  • Participants studied categories with prototype or modal structures and were tested on recognition memory.

Main Results:

  • Recognition memory was intact in both groups of children.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A full prototype effect was observed in both autistic and typically developing children.

    • Conclusions:

    • The findings do not support theories of impaired prototype effects in autism.
    • Methodological differences may explain discrepancies with prior research on autism and categorization.