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Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations
Published on: January 10, 2015
Smoking cessation: techniques and potential benefits
Tomasz M Ziedalski1, Stephen J Ruoss
1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H3143, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Abstract:
Smokers have a significantly greater risk of complications during and after operations. Cigarette smoke has significant effects on cardiac function, circulation, and respiratory function. Preliminary studies suggest that smoking cessation for a minimum of 6 to 8 weeks before surgery is required to reduce the perioperative and postoperative risks of smoking. Smoking cessation programs that employ advice, support groups, nicotine replacement therapy, or some anti-depressants have been used successfully in many situations and should be used to discourage smoking preoperatively. Further research is needed, however, to clarify the best approach to smoking cessation for surgical patients.
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