Transcatheter treatment for lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Modern transcatheter embolization has emerged as a viable option for the treatment of lower gastrointestinal (LGI) hemorrhage. Over the last decade, steady data has accumulated showing the safety and effectiveness of superselective microcoil embolization within the colon. In light of such results, the application of microcatheter-based skills has become more important in an algorithm for managing LGI bleeding. The purpose of this article is to discuss the modern embolization technique while also reviewing traditional and experimental transcatheter methods that may prove useful in the appropriate clinical settings. While recognizing that transcatheter therapy continues to evolve, the proposed indications for these current treatments are reviewed.