Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
Published on: February 15, 2013
Brief report: risk factors for pneumococcal vaccine refusal in adults: a casecontrol study
Lesley S Miller1, Ekaterina V Kourbatova, Sandy Goodman
1Division of General Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. esley.miller@emory.edu
Background:
Invasive pneumococcal disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Despite availability of an effective vaccine, many patients refuse vaccination.
Objective:
To investigate patient characteristics and features of the patient-provider relationship associated with pneumococcal vaccine refusal.
Design:
Case-control study using chart review.
Patients:
Five hundred adults from the medical clinics of a 1,000-bed inner-city teaching hospital.
Measurements And Main Results:
Independent risk factors for pneumococcal vaccine refusal included patient-provider gender discordance (odds ratio (OR)=2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07 to 4.09); a visit to a not-usual provider at the time of vaccine offering (OR=2.26, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.49); never having received influenza vaccination (OR=7.44, 95% CI 3.76 to 14.76); prior pneumococcal vaccine refusals (OR=3.45, 95% CI 1.60 to 7.43); and a history of ever having refused health maintenance tests (OR=2.86, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.84).
Conclusions:
We have identified both patient factors and factors related to the patient-provider relationship that are risk factors for pneumococcal vaccine refusal. By identifying patients at risk for pneumococcal vaccine refusal, efforts to increase vaccination rates can be better targeted.
More Related Videos
11:32Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
Published on: February 23, 2014
12:21A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
Published on: September 28, 2022
Related Concept Videos
Pneumonia I: Introduction
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Atypical Pneumonia
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease
Pneumonia I: Introduction