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Related Experiment Videos

Selenium, the thyroid, and the endocrine system.

J Köhrle1, F Jakob, B Contempré

  • 1Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, D-10098 Berlin, Germany. josef.koehrle@charite.de

Endocrine Reviews
|September 22, 2005
PubMed
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Selenium (Se) and iodine are linked to the hormone network, with selenoproteins protecting thyroid cells and regulating hormone homeostasis. Adequate Se is crucial for endocrine function, reproduction, and brain health.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • New selenocysteine-containing proteins reveal links between selenium (Se), iodine, and hormone networks.
  • Selenoproteins are vital for protecting thyrocytes during thyroid hormone synthesis.
  • Endocrine tissues exhibit higher Se concentrations compared to other organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between selenium, iodine, and the endocrine system.
  • To elucidate the role of selenoproteins in thyroid hormone homeostasis and cellular protection.
  • To understand the impact of Se levels on various endocrine functions and reproductive health.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of newly identified selenocysteine-containing proteins.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigation of Se metabolism and its accumulation in endocrine tissues.
  • Comparative genomic analysis of selenoprotein genes across different species.

    • Main Results:

    • Selenoproteins protect thyrocytes from hydrogen peroxide and regulate thyroid hormone levels.
    • Se depletion and repletion significantly affect Se levels in endocrine and reproductive organs.
    • Selenoproteins link Se metabolism to transcriptional regulation via redox-sensitive nuclear receptors.
    • Se influences bone metabolism, pancreatic and adrenal gland function, and spermatogenesis.
    • Se excess may negatively impact ovarian function.

    Conclusions:

    • Selenium is essential for maintaining the function of the endocrine system, including thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive organs.
    • Selenoprotein expression and activity are modulated by hormones and growth factors, and vice versa.
    • Adequate Se supply is critical for spermatogenesis, while excess Se can be detrimental to ovarian function.