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Structural brain variation, age, and response time.

Richard J Haier1, Rex E Jung, Ronald A Yeo

  • 1University of California, Irvine 92697, USA. rjhaier@uci.edu

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
|September 27, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Aging slows response time (RT), but brain structure changes are key. Less gray matter in specific brain areas correlates with faster RT in seniors, suggesting individual brain volume differences impact cognitive aging.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Response time (RT) typically declines with age.
  • The relationship between structural brain changes and age-related RT slowing is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) brain volumes and RT in middle-aged adults and seniors.
  • To explore how structural brain differences may influence cognitive performance across the adult lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to quantify GM and WM volumes in two age groups: middle-aged adults (38-58 years) and seniors (66-82 years).
  • Brain volumes were correlated with RTs from a simple visual stimulus-response task and a visual continuous recognition memory task.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • No significant GM correlations were found for simple RT. A single WM correlation was observed in the right fusiform gyrus.
  • In the memory task, faster RTs were associated with less GM in the globus pallidus, parahippocampus, and thalamus in both age groups.
  • Several Brodmann areas (BAs 19, 37, 46, 9, 8, 6, 13, 10, 41, 7) showed differential GM-RT correlations: less GM correlated with slower RT in middle-aged adults but faster RT in seniors.

Conclusions:

  • Individual differences in specific brain structure volumes may act as moderating factors in cognitive brain imaging studies.
  • The findings highlight the complex interplay between brain structure and cognitive function, particularly response time, across different adult age groups.