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Newcastle disease virus selectively kills human tumor cells
K W Reichard1, R M Lorence, C J Cascino
1Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Cook County Hospital, Chicago.
The Journal of Surgical Research
|May 1, 1992
Summary
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) selectively kills human tumor cells in culture and in mice. Live NDV treatment led to significant tumor regression in athymic mice, demonstrating its potential as an oncolytic virus.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Virology
- Immunotherapy
Background:
- Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain 73-T shows cytolytic activity against mouse tumor cells.
- Previous studies indicated NDV's potential for oncolysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate NDV's ability to replicate in and kill human tumor cells in vitro.
- To assess NDV's in vivo tumoricidal activity in athymic mice.
Main Methods:
- Plaque assays were used to determine NDV cytolytic activity on six human tumor cell lines and nine normal human fibroblast lines.
- Virus yield assays measured NDV replication in infected cell cultures.
- Athymic nude mice bearing human tumors were treated with live or heat-killed NDV for in vivo efficacy evaluation.
Main Results:
- NDV formed plaques on all tested human tumor cell lines but not on normal fibroblasts.
- NDV replicated efficiently in tumor cells, with a 10,000-fold increase in virus yield within 24 hours.
- Intralesional administration of live NDV resulted in significant tumor regression in mice with KB8-5-11, HT-1080, and IMR-32 tumors.
Conclusions:
- NDV selectively replicates in and kills human tumor cells, sparing normal cells.
- Live NDV demonstrates potent in vivo tumoricidal activity and causes complete tumor regression in athymic mice.
- NDV exhibits a high therapeutic index, supporting its potential as an oncolytic virus therapy.