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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
Published on: January 5, 2016
The HIV infection and immune activation: "to fight and burn"
Victor Appay1, François Boutboul, Brigitte Autran
1Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris cedex 13, France.
Abstract:
Immune activation, a normal immune reaction to pathogens, is now recognized as a major driving force of the CD4 T-cell depletion and immune disorders caused by HIV. By contrast, the natural hosts of its ancestor virus, simian immunodeficiency virus, have adapted to this virus by blocking immune activation and remaining healthy. This review will focus on evidence demonstrating how immune activation associated with HIV infection exhausts immune defenses to HIV as well as the immune system, thus leading to immunosenescence and immunodeficiency, and how treatment can disrupt this vicious and ultimately fatal circle.
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