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Related Experiment Videos

Progressive powered lenses: the Minkwitz theorem.

James E Sheedy1, Charles Campbell, Ewen King-Smith

  • 1Center for Ophthalmic Optics Research, The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. jsheedy@optometry.osu.edu

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|November 9, 2005
PubMed
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The Minkwitz theorem generally applies to progressive addition lenses (PALs), with astigmatism changes balancing out across the entire lens corridor. While local deviations exist, the overall prediction holds true for PAL design.

Area of Science:

  • Optics
  • Ophthalmology
  • Lens Design

Background:

  • The Minkwitz theorem describes astigmatism changes relative to power changes in optical surfaces.
  • Progressive addition lenses (PALs) are complex optical devices requiring careful design to manage aberrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the applicability of the Minkwitz theorem to the design of progressive addition lenses (PALs).
  • To investigate how astigmatism and power changes correlate in PALs according to the Minkwitz theorem.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Hoya Tact lenses and other PALs for their astigmatism and power contours.
  • Measurement of lens properties using a Rotlex Class Plus lens analyzer.

Main Results:

  • Zone widths in PALs deviate from Minkwitz theorem predictions in specific regions but approximate it on average.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Hoya Tact lenses showed wider zones than predicted in the center and narrower zones above and below.
  • Other PALs exhibited variations, exceeding predictions in the top/middle and falling short in the lower corridor.

    • Conclusions:

    • The Minkwitz theorem's exact applicability is limited to the immediate vicinity of umbilics, with deviations possible within 2mm of the PAL corridor.
    • Local deviations allow for redistribution of astigmatism but not its overall reduction in PALs.
    • A global component of the Minkwitz prediction remains relevant for PALs, as gains and losses in astigmatism tend to cancel out.