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Anthocyanidins decrease endothelin-1 production and increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human endothelial
Maria Claudia Lazzè1, Roberto Pizzala, Paola Perucca
1Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Patologia Generale, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
|November 17, 2005
Summary
Delphinidin (DP) and cyanidin (CY), found in anthocyanin-rich foods, show potential for cardiovascular health. DP demonstrated superior effects in regulating vascular tension markers and antioxidant activity in human endothelial cells.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cardiovascular Research
- Endothelial Cell Biology
Background:
- Anthocyanin-rich beverages are linked to reduced coronary heart disease incidence.
- Endothelial-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) regulate vascular tension.
- Aglycon anthocyanidins like cyanidin (CY) and delphinidin (DP) may be biologically active in vivo.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of cyanidin (CY) and delphinidin (DP) on ET-1 and eNOS regulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
- To assess the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of CY and DP in HUVECs.
- To correlate the vasoprotective effects with the chemical structure of DP and CY.
Main Methods:
- Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with cyanidin (CY) and delphinidin (DP).
- Protein and mRNA levels of ET-1 and eNOS were analyzed.
- Antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro and in HUVECs, including the analysis of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).
Main Results:
- Delphinidin (DP) significantly inhibited ET-1 protein and mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner, outperforming cyanidin (CY).
- Both DP and CY increased eNOS protein levels, with DP showing a more pronounced dose-dependent effect.
- DP exhibited higher antioxidant activity than CY in all tested assays and demonstrated an antiproliferative effect in HUVECs.
Conclusions:
- Delphinidin (DP) possesses superior vasoprotective properties compared to cyanidin (CY) due to its enhanced ability to regulate ET-1 and eNOS.
- The higher antioxidant capacity of DP, likely attributed to the three hydroxyl groups on its B ring, contributes to its greater biological activity.
- These findings suggest that DP and CY, particularly DP, hold promise as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular disease prevention.