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Obesity and asthma.

Stephanie A Shore1, Richard A Johnston

  • 1Physiology Program, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. sshore@hsph.harvard.edu

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|November 22, 2005
PubMed
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Obesity is a significant risk factor for asthma, particularly severe cases. Research indicates obesity often precedes asthma development, suggesting a causal link and potential for new treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pulmonology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obesity is a growing global public health concern.
  • A substantial body of evidence links obesity to an increased risk of asthma.
  • This association is observed across diverse age groups and populations worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence supporting obesity as a risk factor for asthma.
  • To explore potential mechanistic links between obesity and asthma.
  • To identify implications for therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cross-sectional and prospective studies in adults, adolescents, and children.
  • Analysis of studies on weight loss and asthma improvement.
  • Examination of animal models of obesity-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).

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Main Results:

  • Numerous studies demonstrate a higher relative risk of asthma in individuals with obesity.
  • Obesity is frequently observed to precede the onset of asthma.
  • Weight loss can lead to asthma symptom improvement, and obese mice exhibit innate AHR.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between obesity and asthma is supported by extensive epidemiological data and experimental findings.
  • Potential shared etiologies include genetics, in utero factors, diet, and physical activity.
  • Plausible biological mechanisms involve comorbidities like GERD, SDB, inflammation, and endocrine factors.
  • Further understanding of these mechanisms could yield novel therapeutic approaches for obese individuals with asthma.