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Psychological perspectives on legitimacy and legitimation
1Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA. tom.tyler@nyu.edu
Annual Review of Psychology
|December 2, 2005
Summary
Legitimacy is the belief that authorities and institutions are appropriate and just, leading to voluntary compliance. This psychological property enhances effectiveness, especially during challenging times.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Political Science
- Sociology
Background:
- Legitimacy is a psychological property influencing belief in the appropriateness and justice of authorities and institutions.
- It fosters voluntary deference to rules and decisions, driven by obligation rather than coercion.
- Legitimacy is crucial for the success of authorities and institutions, as power alone is insufficient for sustained influence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define and elaborate on the concept of legitimacy in social and psychological contexts.
- To highlight the importance of legitimacy for the effectiveness of authorities and institutions.
- To underscore the role of legitimacy in voluntary compliance and obligation.
Main Methods:
- Conceptual analysis of legitimacy.
- Review of its historical significance in social thought and psychology.
- Examination of its contemporary relevance in political, legal, and social systems.
Main Results:
- Legitimacy enables voluntary acquiescence, increasing institutional effectiveness.
- It is vital during periods of scarcity, crisis, and conflict.
- The concept has deep roots and growing importance in current research.
Conclusions:
- Legitimacy is a key psychological factor for the stability and effectiveness of social arrangements.
- Understanding legitimacy is essential for analyzing political, legal, and social dynamics.
- It promotes voluntary adherence, reducing reliance on power-based control.