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Dementia01:30

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

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Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
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Published on: April 23, 2014

Neuropsychological functioning and delusions in dementia: a pilot study.

C Fischer1, R Ladowsky-Brooks, C Millikin

  • 1St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. fischerc@smh.toronto.on.ca

Aging & Mental Health
|December 13, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with dementia and delusions show greater neuropsychological impairment, particularly in immediate story recall and semantic fluency, compared to those without delusions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Gerontology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Dementia is associated with cognitive decline.
  • The presence of delusions in dementia may indicate specific patterns of neuropsychological impairment.
  • Understanding these patterns is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuropsychological functioning in individuals with mild-to-moderate dementia with and without delusions.
  • To identify specific cognitive deficits associated with delusions in dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Pilot study comparing two groups of dementia patients: delusional (n=9) and non-delusional (n=9).
  • Exclusion of participants with hallucinations.
  • Administration of a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery.
  • Assessment of global cognitive functioning (Mini-Mental State Examination) and behavioral disturbance (Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale).

Main Results:

  • The delusional group exhibited significantly lower scores in immediate story recall, semantic fluency, and overall cognitive functioning (Mini-Mental State Examination) compared to the non-delusional group.
  • Simple attention span (Digit Span) was preserved in both groups.
  • Floor effects were observed in delayed recall and alternating attention measures.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support previous research indicating greater neuropsychological impairment in delusional versus non-delusional dementia patients.
  • Specific cognitive domains like immediate recall and semantic fluency are particularly affected by delusions.
  • Further research is recommended to explore semantic processing in dementia with and without delusions.