Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2026

A Human Blood-Brain Interface Model to Study Barrier Crossings by Pathogens or Medicines and Their Interactions with the Brain
07:52

A Human Blood-Brain Interface Model to Study Barrier Crossings by Pathogens or Medicines and Their Interactions with the Brain

Published on: April 9, 2019

Carbenoxolone does not cross the blood brain barrier: an HPLC study

Yevgen Leshchenko1, Sergei Likhodii, Wendy Yue

  • 1Brain and Behaviour Programme, Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. lyevgen@sickkids.ca

BMC Neuroscience
|January 13, 2006
PubMed
Abstract

More Related Videos

A Simple and Reproducible Method to Prepare Membrane Samples from Freshly Isolated Rat Brain Microvessels07:13

A Simple and Reproducible Method to Prepare Membrane Samples from Freshly Isolated Rat Brain Microvessels

Published on: May 7, 2018

Rat Model of Blood-brain Barrier Disruption to Allow Targeted Neurovascular Therapeutics08:43

Rat Model of Blood-brain Barrier Disruption to Allow Targeted Neurovascular Therapeutics

Published on: November 30, 2012

Related Concept Videos

Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

Overview
Drug Binding to Blood Components01:30

Drug Binding to Blood Components

When drugs enter systemic circulation, they interact with various components of the blood, including proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA), α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), lipoproteins, globulins, and red blood cells (RBCs).
HSA is the most abundant plasma protein and is vital in drug binding. It contains distinct drug-binding sites, with different drugs exhibiting affinity for specific sites. There are three main drug-binding domains for HSA: sites I, II, and III. These domains are further...
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Effect of Protein Binding01:09

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Effect of Protein Binding

Hepatic clearance is influenced by protein binding based on the drug's extraction ratio. Drugs with high extraction ratios are considered flow-limited and remain unaffected by protein binding during hepatic clearance. On the other hand, drugs with low extraction ratios may be impacted by plasma protein binding, although the extent of this influence depends on the fraction of the drug bound.
For low-extraction-ratio drugs that are less than 80% protein-bound, minor changes in protein binding...
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:28

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is a vital physiological process that chemically alters drugs, facilitating their elimination from the body and terminating their action. This process involves two main phases: phase I and phase II reactions. Phase I reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, introduce or unmask polar functional groups on the drug molecule, thereby increasing its water solubility. By enhancing water solubility, the drug becomes more hydrophilic...