Microwear and morphology: functional relationships between human dental microwear and the mandible

Microscopic pits and scratches form on teeth during chewing, but the extent to which their formation is influenced by mandibular morphology is unknown. Digitized micrographs of the base of facet nine of the first, second, and third mandibular molar were used to record microwear features from an archaeological sample of modern humans recovered from Semna South in northern Sudan (n=38; 100 BC to AD 350). Microwear patterns of the molar row are correlated with mandibular corpus width and depth, and with mandibular length. Variations in shear and compression at the base of facet nine during chewing were inferred. It may be that some correlations between microwear and mandibular morphology are predictable, reflecting similar aspects of masticatory loading, though the full extent of the relationship remains to be resolved.