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Maximal force during eccentric and isometric actions at different elbow angles.

V Linnamo1, V Strojnik, P V Komi

  • 1Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland. vesa.linnamo@sport.jyu.fi

European Journal of Applied Physiology
|January 18, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Maximal voluntary eccentric actions show initial force potentiation, especially at higher speeds. Muscle activation and force decrease towards the end, indicating inhibition during maximal voluntary eccentric contractions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Physiology
  • Muscle Function

Background:

  • Eccentric muscle actions involve muscle lengthening under tension, crucial for movement control and injury prevention.
  • Understanding force potentiation and inhibition during maximal voluntary eccentric contractions is vital for optimizing training and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of force potentiation and/or inhibition during maximal voluntary eccentric actions.
  • To analyze the influence of starting joint angle and movement velocity on eccentric force production.

Main Methods:

  • Maximal voluntary force (MVC) and surface electromyography (EMG) of elbow flexors were measured in ten healthy males.
  • Isometric and isokinetic eccentric actions were performed from 80 or 110 degrees to 140 degrees elbow angle at velocities of 1, 2, and 4 rad/s.

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Main Results:

  • Maximal voluntary eccentric force in the initial 10 degrees exceeded isometric preactivation force across all tested conditions (P<0.001).
  • Force potentiation was velocity-dependent, being less pronounced at lower stretching speeds (P<0.01).
  • Average EMG (aEMG) decreased with joint extension, with a greater reduction during eccentric actions compared to isometric actions.

Conclusions:

  • Maximal voluntary eccentric contractions consistently exhibit higher initial force than isometric preactivation.
  • Force potentiation is velocity-dependent, increasing with higher stretching velocities.
  • Inhibition, suggested by decreased muscle activation and force, occurs during the later phases of maximal voluntary eccentric actions.