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Updated: Jan 30, 2026
Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs
Published on: April 17, 2021
Effects of G-CSF on left ventricular remodeling and heart failure after acute myocardial infarction
Hiroyuki Takano1, Yingjie Qin, Hiroshi Hasegawa
1Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
Insights
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes stem cells to repair heart damage. This cytokine shows promise for treating myocardial infarction by promoting vascularization and protecting heart muscle.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hematology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine crucial for neutrophil development and stem cell mobilization.
- G-CSF is clinically applied for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
- Emerging evidence suggests G-CSF's role in myocardial regeneration and cardioprotection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential of G-CSF in myocardial regeneration and cardioprotection after acute myocardial infarction.
- To explore the mechanisms underlying G-CSF's effects on the infarcted heart, including stem cell mobilization and direct cardiac effects.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on G-CSF's effects in animal models of myocardial infarction.
- Analysis of G-CSF's impact on bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) mobilization, differentiation, and angiogenesis in cardiac tissue.
- Examination of G-CSF's direct signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes.
Main Results:
- G-CSF mobilizes bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to the infarcted heart, promoting differentiation into vascular cells and potentially cardiac myocytes.
- G-CSF administration reduces left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction post-myocardial infarction by decreasing apoptosis and increasing vascularization.
- G-CSF activates key signaling pathways (Akt, ERK, JAK2/STAT3) in cardiomyocytes, indicating direct cardioprotective effects.
Conclusions:
- G-CSF demonstrates significant cardioprotective and regenerative potential for injured myocardium.
- G-CSF may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for ischemic heart diseases, acting through both stem cell mobilization and direct cardiac actions.
- Further research is warranted to clarify G-CSF's role in atherosclerosis and its full therapeutic potential in cardiovascular conditions.
Abstract:
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that promotes proliferation and differentiation of neutrophil progenitors. G-CSF also possesses immunomodulatory properties. G-CSF-induced hematopoietic stem cell mobilization is widely used clinically for transplantation. After it was recently reported that G-CSF mobilizes bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) into the infarcted hearts and accelerates the differentiation into vascular cells and cardiac myocytes, myocardial regeneration utilizing mobilization of BMSCs by G-CSF is attracting the attention of investigators. In animal models, G-CSF prevents left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction, at least in part, through a decrease in apoptotic cells and an increase in vascular cells. Although it is controversial whether BMSCs mobilized by G-CSF can differentiate into cardiac myocytes, G-CSF-induced angiogenesis is indeed recognized in infarcted heart. The cardioprotective effects of G-CSF are recognized even in isolated perfused heart. In addition, G-CSF activates various signaling pathways such as Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 through G-CSF receptors in cardiac myocytes. These observations suggest that G-CSF not only induces mobilization of stem cells and progenitor cells but also acts directly on cardiomyocytes. Therefore, G-CSF may be utilized as a novel agent to have protective and regenerative effects on injured myocardium. Although the effects of G-CSF on the progression of atherosclerosis are still unclear, there is a possibility that G-CSF will become a promising therapy for ischemic heart diseases.
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