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Effective temperature and jamming transition in dense, gently sheared granular assemblies.

F Q Potiguar1, H A Makse

  • 1Levich Institute and Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA. potiguar@fisica.ufmg.br

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|February 24, 2006
PubMed
Summary

We explored effective temperature in sheared granular materials. Shear induces jamming, and temperature becomes independent of shear rate at low rates, aligning with jamming theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Granular materials exhibit complex behaviors under shear.
  • Understanding their thermodynamic properties, like effective temperature, is crucial.
  • The fluctuation-dissipation relation is a key concept for defining temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compute and analyze the effective temperature in sheared, bi-disperse granular packings.
  • To investigate the influence of shear rate, volume fraction, and particle type on effective temperature.
  • To assess the validity of the effective temperature definition and its relation to jamming and ergodic hypotheses.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive computational simulations of compressible spheres under shear.
  • Calculation of effective temperature using the fluctuation-dissipation relation.

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  • Analysis of mean square displacement and average displacement of grains.
  • Comparison with compactivity and shear stress/viscosity measurements.

    • Main Results:

    • Effective temperature is consistent across different tracer particles.
    • Temperature becomes shear-rate independent at low shear rates, indicating a jammed state.
    • Agreement between effective temperature and compactivity supports the ergodic hypothesis for granular matter.
    • Shear-induced jamming was observed in systems with tangential forces.

    Conclusions:

    • The effective temperature definition provides insights into granular jamming.
    • The system may exhibit properties consistent with the ergodic hypothesis.
    • Shear is a critical factor in inducing jamming in granular packings.