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Updated: Aug 10, 2026
State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
Published on: February 2, 2015
[An ultrasound protocol in premature infants with intracranial hemorrhage]
Gordana Velisavljev-Filipović1
1Medicinski fakultet, Novi Sad, Institut za zdravstvenu zastitu dece i omladine. velisgor@eunet.yu
Insights
Premature birth complications, like intracranial hemorrhage, require early diagnosis. Ultrasound is a safe, effective bedside tool for monitoring brain bleeds in premature infants, aiding in disability prevention.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal care
- Pediatric neurology
- Medical imaging
Background:
- Premature birth is a global health concern, with significant rates in America, Europe, and Vojvodina.
- Intracranial hemorrhage is a major cause of morbidity in premature infants.
- Incomplete central nervous system (CNS) development in premature infants can lead to complications but also enables survival.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and grading of intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants.
- To emphasize the role of ultrasound in monitoring intracranial hemorrhage.
Main Methods:
- Brain monitoring of premature infants is conducted using ultrasound.
- Ultrasound is a mobile, cost-effective, and repeatable bedside technique.
- Ultrasound allows for precise timing and daily monitoring of hemorrhage absorption.
Main Results:
- Ultrasound is safe, involves no ionizing radiation, and requires no sedation.
- The examination is non-invasive and painless for the infant.
- Ultrasound facilitates the definition of hemorrhage timing and progression.
Conclusions:
- The frequency of ultrasound monitoring is determined by hemorrhage severity.
- Ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus and surrounding brain parenchyma influence monitoring protocols.
- Timely ultrasound assessment is crucial for preventing long-term disabilities in premature infants.
Introduction:
Prematurity is a great health problem in our country and in the world. There are more than 11% of premature births in America annually, and in Europe this rate is between 5-10%. In Vojvodina, 9% of babies are born prematurely. Intracranial hemorrhage takes a sifnificant place in the morbidity of prematurely born children.
Intracranial Hemorrhage In Premature Newborn Infants:
Incomplete CNS development of premature infants causes numerous complications, but it is also the factor which enables survival of extremely immature infants without sequelae. The management protocol depends on the level of hemorrhage. Early diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage and determination of the level of hemorrhage are of utmost importance for disability prevention.
Ultrasound In Monitoring Intracranial Hemorrhage:
Brain monitoring of prematurely born babies is performed by ultrasound. This type of visualization has several advantages over other techniques: it is mobile, so colled "bedside technique", it is relatively cheap, it may be repeated several times, it is possible to define the exact time of hemorrhage and monitor its absorption from day to day. Ultrasound is safe, and there is no ionized radiation. No sedation is required for ultrasound examination. The examination is not painful.
Conclusion:
The frequency of ultrasound depends on the level of hemorrhage, presence or absence of ventriculomegally/hydrocephalus, as well as on the surrounding cerebral parenchyma.
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