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The eosinophil.

Marc E Rothenberg¹, Simon P Hogan

¹Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA. Rothenberg@cchmc.org

Annual Review of Immunology

|March 23, 2006

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Eosinophils are multifunctional immune cells, not just parasite defenders. This review explores their roles in inflammation, immunity, and diseases like asthma, highlighting therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Eosinophils were traditionally viewed as terminal effector cells for antiparasitic immunity.
Emerging evidence reveals eosinophils as pleiotropic leukocytes with diverse roles in inflammation and immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the multifaceted biology of eosinophils.
To discuss their functions in homeostasis, immunity, and disease.
To explore therapeutic strategies for eosinophil-mediated conditions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of eosinophil biology, function, and disease involvement.
Analysis of molecular mechanisms in eosinophil development and trafficking.
Examination of data from eosinophil-deficient mouse models.

Main Results:

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Eosinophils actively initiate and propagate inflammatory responses.
They modulate both innate and adaptive immunity, interacting with other immune cells.
Key regulators include transcription factor GATA-1, cytokine IL-5, and eotaxins.

Conclusions:

Eosinophils are crucial modulators of immune responses and homeostasis.
Their dysregulation contributes to diseases such as asthma and gastrointestinal disorders.
Targeting eosinophils offers potential therapeutic avenues for mucosal diseases.