Redox-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression is regulated by JNK through Ets and AP-1 promoter motifs

Reactive oxygen species have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of distinct signaling cascades, many of which act upon the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Using a series of redox-engineered cell lines we have previously demonstrated that MMP-1 expression is sensitive to the alterations in the steady state production of H2O2 (Ranganathan, A. C., Nelson, K. K., Rodriguez, A. M., Kim, K. H., Tower, G. B., Rutter, J. L., Brinckerhoff, C. E., Epstein, C. J., Huang, T. T., Jeffrey, J. J., and Melendez, J. A. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 14264-14270). In the present study, we investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the H2O2-mediated induction of MMP-1. Mutational analysis of an MMP-1 promoter indicates that both the single nucleotide polymorphism creating an Ets binding site at -1607 and a proximal AP-1 site at -1602 are required for maximal H2O2-dependent transcription. The redox-sensitive MMP-1 protein expression requires activation of both ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. Importantly, JNK signaling is largely responsible for the H2O2 sensitivity of the MMP-1 promoter, whereas ERK1/2 contributes to both its basal and H2O2 dependence. H2O2 control of Ets-1 expression was ERK1/2-dependent whereas that of c-Jun requires both ERK1/2 and JNK signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that binding of the histone acetyltransferase, p300, and the transcription factors Ets-1 and c-Jun to the MMP-1 promoter is redox sensitive. The redox sensitivity of MMP-1 expression is also associated with an increase in the abundance of oxidatively inactivated protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Targeted cytosolic or mitochondrial scavenging of H2O2 prevented all of the aforementioned signals. These studies provide substantial insight into the mechanisms underlying the redox-dependent control of MMP-1 and may lead to the development of novel targeted antioxidant-based inhibitory therapies for controlling MMP-1 expression during degenerative disease processes.