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Measuring Diaphragm Thickness and Function Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound05:51

Measuring Diaphragm Thickness and Function Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound

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Diaphragm thickness and function can be assessed in healthy individuals and critically ill patients using point-of-care ultrasound. This technique offers an accurate, reproducible, feasible, and well-tolerated method for evaluating diaphragm structure and function.
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The goal of this protocol is to measure the effect of glucose-mediated changes to mitochondrial respiration in the presence of natural compounds on intact 832/13 beta cells using high-resolution respirometry.
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A protocol to evaluate changes in DNA damage levels and DNA repair capacity that may be induced by chronic in vivo low dose irradiation in mouse spleen lymphocytes, by measuring phosphorylated histone H2AX, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, using flow cytometry is presented.
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Keeping the microscope optics clean is important for high-quality imaging. Dust, fingerprints, excess immersion oil, or mounting medium on or in a microscope causes reduction in contrast and resolution. DIC is especially sensitive to contamination and scratches on the lens surfaces. This protocol details the procedure for keeping the microscope...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Impact of Mechanical Ventilation on Diaphragm Function and Patient Outcomes
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Fibroblasts in cancer.

Raghu Kalluri1, Michael Zeisberg

  • 1Center for Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. rkalluri@BIDMC.Harvard.edu

Nature Reviews. Cancer
|March 31, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Cancer progression involves wound-healing cells like fibroblasts and endothelial cells. These fibroblasts are crucial for tumour growth, spread, and angiogenesis, making them a key therapeutic target.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Tumours are analogous to non-healing wounds, indicating a role for injury response cells in cancer.
  • Endothelial cells and fibroblasts, key players in wound healing and angiogenesis, are implicated in cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of fibroblasts in cancer progression, growth, and metastasis.
  • To highlight fibroblasts as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cancer biology and fibroblast involvement.
  • Analysis of the functional contributions of fibroblasts to tumour microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Fibroblasts are consistently associated with cancer cells throughout all stages of malignancy.

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  • Fibroblast-derived factors (growth factors, chemokines, extracellular matrix) promote angiogenesis and recruit endothelial cells and pericytes.

    • Conclusions:

    • Fibroblasts are critical determinants of malignant cancer progression.
    • Targeting fibroblasts presents a promising strategy for novel cancer therapies.