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Gene expression changes and molecular pathways mediating activity-dependent plasticity in visual cortex.

Daniela Tropea1, Gabriel Kreiman, Alvin Lyckman

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Nature Neuroscience
|April 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Dark-rearing (DR) and monocular deprivation (MD) impact visual cortex development. DR upregulates synaptic genes and downregulates parvalbumin, while MD affects growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-1, influencing plasticity.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Activity-dependent development of the primary visual cortex (V1) is crucial for visual processing.
  • Key models include dark-rearing (DR) and monocular deprivation (MD) to study visual pathway maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular and cellular changes in V1 following DR and MD.
  • To elucidate the role of specific genes and proteins in visual cortex plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • DNA microarray analysis, computational approaches, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and physiological imaging were employed.
  • In vivo experiments assessed ocular dominance plasticity and the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1).

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • DR upregulated genes for synaptic transmission and electrical activity, while downregulating parvalbumin expression.
  • MD induced differential upregulation of growth factors and neuronal degeneration pathways, alongside increased IGF1 binding protein expression.
  • Exogenous IGF1 application inhibited MD-induced effects on ocular dominance plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • DR impacts cortical neurons by reducing visual drive and delaying maturation via parvalbumin-expressing interneurons.
  • MD triggers reorganization of connections, involving growth factors and IGF1, impacting ocular dominance plasticity.
  • IGF1 plays a significant role in regulating the homeostatic responses to visual experience.