Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
Bullying02:04

Bullying

A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.
Ending Relationships01:28

Ending Relationships

The dissolution of intimate relationships presents complex emotional and psychological challenges, particularly when emotional bonds are strong, the relationship is long-standing, and perceived alternatives are limited. This distress often intensifies in romantic breakups, where the initiator may experience greater turmoil than the rejected partner. Contributing factors include residual attachment, guilt over causing pain, and uncertainty about how to manage the situation. The stress is further...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

HIF-1α-mediated mitochondrial autophagy in the post-treatment protective effect of thyroxine against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Journal of cardiothoracic surgery·2026
Same author

Machine Learning-Assisted 3D Envelope-Enhanced SERS Platform for Detection and Classification of Multiple Coexisting Pollutants.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Documentation-derived nursing process indicators and in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing PCI: A cohort study.

Medicine·2026
Same author

Dual chaotic encryption method for wireless communication privacy data based on deep learning.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Optimization of the ZigBee Routing Algorithm for the Beidou Sugar Beet Environmental Monitoring System.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Synergistic PtPdNi Ternary Alloy Nanoparticles Confined in Hollow Carbon Spheres for Highly Efficient and Stable Styrene Hydrogenation.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Deliberate Facial Mimicry As a Skill That Predicts Emotion Recognition Performance.

Affective science·2026
Same journal

Sentiment Analysis of Naturalistic Speech Using Open-Weight Large Language Models.

Affective science·2026
Same journal

Affective Forecasting and Memory Biases during the Tokyo and Beijing Olympics.

Affective science·2026
Same journal

Handling the Ups and Downs of Adolescence: The Role of Emotion Regulation Repertoires.

Affective science·2026
Same journal

Affective Forecasting Accuracy in Everyday Life.

Affective science·2026
Same journal

Americans Want To Make Themselves Feel Better More than Japanese Do: Cultural Differences in Prohedonic Emotion Regulation Goals in Daily Life.

Affective science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Failing Others' Expectations: Negative Emotions and Behavior Change in Daily Life.

Madhuri Kashyap1, Jiayan Chang2, Chunlei Lu2

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660 USA.

Affective Science
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Failing to meet social expectations triggers negative emotions, with the intensity influenced by how legitimate and strong individuals perceive those expectations to be. Overestimating expectation importance exacerbates these negative feelings.

More Related Videos

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cultural Psychology
  • Emotion Research

Background:

  • Social expectations are fundamental to human interaction.
  • The emotional consequences of failing to meet social expectations are not well understood.
  • Understanding these emotions is crucial for emotional well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emotions linked to unmet social expectations.
  • To explore how situational factors moderate these emotional responses.
  • To examine these effects across different cultural contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted using daily diary methods in Chinese and American college student samples.
  • Study 1 assessed the relationship between social expectation violation and negative affect.
  • Study 2 compared participants' perceptions of social expectations with independent ratings.

Main Results:

  • Negative affect increased with the degree of social expectation violation.
  • The perceived legitimacy and strength of expectations modulated this relationship.
  • Overestimation of social expectation legitimacy correlated with higher negative affect.

Conclusions:

  • Failing to meet social expectations significantly contributes to negative social emotions.
  • Perceived legitimacy and strength of expectations are key modulating factors.
  • Findings inform interventions for emotional well-being related to social pressures.