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High-resolution ab initio three-dimensional x-ray diffraction microscopy.

Henry N Chapman¹, Anton Barty, Stefano Marchesini

¹University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 94550, USA. henry.chapman@llnl.gov

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision

|April 28, 2006

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Coherent x-ray diffraction microscopy achieves high-resolution 3D imaging of nonperiodic objects without prior knowledge. This breakthrough enables detailed atomic-resolution imaging for biological and materials science applications.

Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Biophysics

Background:

Coherent x-ray diffraction microscopy (CXDM) offers high-resolution imaging capabilities.
Current limitations exist in imaging nonperiodic, isolated objects in 3D.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate high-resolution 3D imaging of nonperiodic objects using CXDM.
To develop methods for enhanced depth of focus in 2D imaging.
To establish techniques for future ultrafast, atomic-resolution imaging.

Main Methods:

Utilized 3D diffraction data from nonperiodic objects.
Reconstructed 3D volume images without a priori information.
Developed 2D imaging techniques for thick samples with extended depth of focus.

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Main Results:

Achieved quantitative, high-resolution 3D imaging of nonperiodic objects.
Demonstrated 3D reconstruction without prior knowledge of object shape or composition.
Produced 2D images of thick objects with improved depth of focus and preserved transverse resolution.

Conclusions:

CXDM can image nonperiodic objects in 3D with resolution limited by wavelength and scattering angles.
The demonstrated methods are applicable to biological and materials science samples.
These techniques pave the way for atomic-resolution ultrafast imaging at XFEL sources.