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Systemic reactions from skin testing: literature review
G Liccardi1, G D'Amato, G Walter Canonica
1Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Pneumology and Allergology, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Summary
The skin prick test (SPT) is a safe method for diagnosing allergies to environmental triggers, foods, venoms, and drugs. While rare, severe reactions can occur, especially in high-risk patients, necessitating precautionary measures.
Area of Science:
- Allergy and Immunology
- Diagnostic Medicine
Background:
- The skin prick test (SPT) is a primary diagnostic tool for identifying IgE sensitization.
- While generally safe, SPT carries a risk of systemic reactions, including rare fatal events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the safety profile and associated risks of the skin prick test (SPT).
- To identify patient groups and allergens associated with a higher risk of adverse reactions during SPT.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies reporting systemic reactions to SPT.
- Analysis of risk factors, including patient characteristics and specific allergens.
Main Results:
- Systemic reactions from inhalant allergens have decreased over 30 years.
- Fresh foods, hymenoptera venom, and antibiotic SPTs retain a risk of systemic reactions.
- High-risk patients (e.g., previous anaphylaxis, uncontrolled asthma) face increased risk.
Conclusions:
- SPT is a generally safe diagnostic method for IgE sensitization.
- Physicians must be aware of potential risks, especially in susceptible individuals, and implement safety protocols.
- The risk of severe reactions, though rare, necessitates vigilance and adherence to precautionary measures.