Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Effects of EDTA on End-Point Detection Methods01:18

Effects of EDTA on End-Point Detection Methods

Different methods, such as visual observance of metal-ion indicators, spectroscopic techniques, and potentiometric methods, can determine the endpoint of an EDTA titration.
In the visual method, metal-ion indicators (metallochromic dyes), which have distinct colors in their free and complex forms, are added to the mixture to signal the titration's end point. They form stable complexes with metal ions, but these complexes are weaker than the corresponding metal–EDTA complexes. As a result, EDTA...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Examination of Impact of NBTIs on Commercial Power P-Channel VDMOS Transistors in Practical Applications.

Micromachines·2026
Same author

Recovery Analysis of Sequentially Irradiated and NBT-Stressed VDMOS Transistors.

Micromachines·2025
Same author

The SPICE Modeling of a Radiation Sensor Based on a MOSFET with a Dielectric HfO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> Double-Layer.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Floating-Gate MOS Transistor with Dynamic Biasing as a Radiation Sensor.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

Comparison of CsI:Tl and Gd<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> S:Tb indirect flat panel detector x-ray imaging performance in front- and back-irradiation geometries.

Medical physics·2019
Same author

Health-related quality of life in children with inflammatory brain disease.

Pediatric rheumatology online journal·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

Screen optics effects on detective quantum efficiency in digital radiography: zero-frequency effects.

A R Lubinsky1, Wei Zhao, Goran Ristic

  • 1Department of Radiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8460, USA. arl@mil.sunysb.edu

Medical Physics
|June 7, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This study examines how cesium iodide (CsI) screen optics affect gain fluctuation noise in digital radiography detectors. Optimizing light escape efficiency versus depth in CsI screens is key to improving image quality and reducing noise.

More Related Videos

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities
06:51

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities

Published on: February 20, 2021

High Spatial Resolution Chemical Imaging of Implant-Associated Infections with X-ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging Through Tissue
07:48

High Spatial Resolution Chemical Imaging of Implant-Associated Infections with X-ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging Through Tissue

Published on: September 30, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 28, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities
06:51

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities

Published on: February 20, 2021

High Spatial Resolution Chemical Imaging of Implant-Associated Infections with X-ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging Through Tissue
07:48

High Spatial Resolution Chemical Imaging of Implant-Associated Infections with X-ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging Through Tissue

Published on: September 30, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging Physics
  • Materials Science in Medical Detectors

Background:

  • Indirect flat panel imagers are crucial for digital radiography, fluoroscopy, and mammography.
  • Columnar structured cesium iodide (CsI) scintillators doped with thallium are widely used in these detectors.
  • Screen optics significantly influence image quality by affecting noise characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of screen optics, specifically light escape efficiency versus depth, on gain fluctuation noise (Swank factor).
  • To provide data for optimizing CsI screens used in digital radiography systems.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements of pulse height spectra (PHS) from structured CsI screens at various X-ray energies.
  • Development of a theoretical model for light escape efficiency.
  • Implementation of a method to derive light escape efficiency versus depth from experimental PHS data.
  • Application of these methods to CsI screens with varying optical designs and manufacturing techniques.

Main Results:

  • Light escape efficiency in CsI samples exhibits a nearly linear relationship with depth.
  • The variation in light escape efficiency across the depth of the screen is relatively small.
  • These optical properties contribute to a high Swank factor, indicating low gain fluctuation noise.

Conclusions:

  • The optical properties of structured CsI screens, particularly light escape efficiency versus depth, play a critical role in determining gain fluctuation noise.
  • The observed linear variation and small magnitude of light escape efficiency changes support the use of CsI in high-quality digital radiography detectors.
  • These findings offer valuable insights for the design and manufacturing of advanced CsI screens for medical imaging.