Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 31, 2026
10:42
Bioluminescence Imaging of NADPH Oxidase Activity in Different Animal Models
Published on: October 22, 2012
NADPH oxidases: new kids on the block
1Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, PO Box 259, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary. geiszt@puskin.sote.hu
Cardiovascular Research
|June 13, 2006
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital for cell functions but their altered production links to diseases. This review details the Nox family of enzymes responsible for ROS generation in various tissues.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cellular Biology
- Physiology
Background:
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial for normal physiological processes like cellular signaling and host defense.
- Dysregulated ROS production is linked to various pathologies, including immunodeficiency, hypothyroidism, and cardiovascular diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated overview of the Nox family of NADPH oxidases.
- To highlight the roles of newly identified Nox enzymes in ROS production.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research on NADPH oxidases.
- Focus on enzymes homologous to phagocytic NADPH oxidase.
Main Results:
- Identification of six novel Nox family members: Nox1, Nox3, Nox4, Nox5, Duox1, and Duox2.
- These enzymes are implicated in ROS production across diverse biological tissues.
Conclusions:
- The Nox family of enzymes represents key players in cellular ROS generation.
- Understanding these enzymes is critical for elucidating their roles in health and disease.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Photosystem I
Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
01:29Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂
The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
01:19Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules
Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
01:43Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
01:30Anoxygenic Photosynthesis
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a phototrophic process that captures light energy to drive carbon fixation without producing molecular oxygen. Unlike oxygenic photosynthesis, which utilizes water as an electron donor and releases oxygen, anoxygenic phototrophs use alternative electron donors such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), elemental sulfur (S⁰), or thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻). This process is carried out by diverse groups of bacteria, including purple bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, heliobacteria, and...
01:26Oxygenic Photosynthesis
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate light...