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Lead exposure and spine bone mineral density.
Vijayalakshmi Potula1, David Kleinbaum, Wendy Kaye
1Division of Health Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Vbp6@cdc.gov
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|June 13, 2006
Summary
Elevated blood lead levels are associated with decreased spine bone mineral density (BMD) in former female smelter workers. This effect is more pronounced in those with longer exposure and technical job roles.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Environmental Toxicology
- Bone Metabolism
Background:
- Smelter workers may experience significant lead exposure.
- Lead exposure is a known health concern with potential long-term effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess changes in spine bone mineral density (BMD) over time.
- To evaluate the relationship between BMD changes and lead levels (bone and blood).
- To identify baseline risk factors influencing BMD in former female smelter workers.
Main Methods:
- Spine BMD measured using X-ray bone densitometry.
- Tibia bone lead content estimated using K X-ray fluorescence (K XRF).
- Blood lead levels analyzed via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
Main Results:
- Spine bone density decreased over time with increasing blood lead levels.
- This association was particularly evident in women who worked in technical roles (e.g., miners).
- Baseline BMD, baseline blood lead (1994), and time since menopause were significant factors.
Conclusions:
- Blood lead levels may negatively impact bone mineral density.
- Occupational lead exposure poses a risk to skeletal health in former smelter workers.