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Updated: Aug 6, 2026
Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing
Published on: May 5, 2022
[Strabismus-associated Parinaud syndrome]
Silvia Moguel-Ancheita1, Ivan Ruiz-Morfín, Manuel Pedraza-Jacob
1Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, ISSTE. smoguel@prodigy.net.mx
Objective:
We undertook this study to describe the causes of Parinaud syndrome (PS) with diplopia to determine a topographic diagnosis and prognosis.
Methods:
We studied patients with PS from January 1980 to January 2004 and reviewed causes and treatment. We identified all strabismus associated with PS.
Results:
We included 18 patients with diplopia, 6 females and 12 males. Median age was 28 years old, SD 22 (10; CI 95%). Results are strabismus related: III nerve palsy in 15 patients (79%), optical nerve damage in 8 (44.4%), VII nerve palsy in 3, IV nerve palsy 2, bilateral III nerve palsy 2, nystagmus 2, Foville syndrome 2, one-and-a-half syndrome (1). The following causes were reported: tumors (6), brain stroke (4), cranial trauma (3), neurocysticercosis (2). Orthoposition under botulinum toxin treatment was obtained in 1.72 +/- 1.1 (0.65 CI 95%). Surgery was done in nine patients, and only one patient had spontaneous resolution of diplopia and PS.
Conclusions:
It is important to identify the topographic diagnosis and prognosis of brain diseases such as the complete study of strabismus-related PS. In this way we can learn more about the extent of damage and can identify recurrences quickly in order to offer better control.
