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Fourth-grade students' motivational changes in an elementary physical education running program.

Ping Xiang1, Ron E McBride, April Bruene

  • 1Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4243, USA. ping@hlkn.tamu.edu

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
|August 11, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Fourth-grade students improved running performance but showed decreased motivation in a year-long physical education program. Expectancy beliefs and interest were key predictors of sustained motivation for running.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Achievement goal theory and expectancy-value model are key frameworks for understanding student motivation.
  • Motivation is crucial for sustained engagement in physical education activities like running.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine motivational changes in fourth-grade students participating in a year-long elementary physical education running program.
  • To identify predictors of motivation for running over time within this context.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized achievement goal theory and expectancy-value model.
  • Assessed 113 fourth-graders (66 boys, 47 girls) in fall and spring using questionnaires on achievement goals, expectancy beliefs, task values, and future intentions.
  • Measured running performance (1-mile run) and persistence/effort (laps run/walked).

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Main Results:

  • Students demonstrated improved running performance (faster times) over the school year.
  • Despite performance gains, overall motivation towards running decreased.
  • Expectancy beliefs (self-perceived ability) and subjective task values (interest, fun) were significant positive predictors of motivation.

Conclusions:

  • Physical education running programs can enhance performance but may inadvertently decrease motivation.
  • Fostering children's expectancy beliefs and interest is critical for maintaining motivation in physical education.
  • Expectancy beliefs and interest are essential for sustained engagement in elementary physical education running.