Mast cells in surgically resected appendices

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Gastroenterology
• Pathology

Background:

• Mast cells are recognized effector cells in inflammatory conditions.
• The specific role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of appendicitis remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the involvement and density of mast cells in normal, acute, and chronic appendicitis.
• To evaluate the potential role of mast cells as a triggering factor in appendicitis.

Main Methods:

• Histological examination of 150 appendix samples (normal and inflamed).
• Quantification of neutrophil, lymphocyte, and eosinophil infiltration.
• Mast cell counting in toluidine blue-stained sections.

Main Results:

• Eosinophil counts were significantly lower in normal and chronic appendicitis compared to acute appendicitis.
• Mast cell counts were lowest in normal appendices, significantly higher in acute appendicitis, and highest in chronic appendicitis.
• Appendiceal obstruction (faecoliths, parasites) was identified in only a minority of inflamed cases.

Conclusions:

• Mast cell involvement is significantly elevated in appendicitis, particularly in chronic forms.
• The findings suggest a potential role for Type I hypersensitivity reactions mediated by mast cells in appendicitis pathogenesis.
• Mast cell activation may represent an alternative or additional trigger for appendicitis, beyond mechanical obstruction.