Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 20, 2026
An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage
Published on: February 10, 2014
Marginal integrity of direct and indirect castings for implant abutments
Scott D Ganz1, Nainesh Desai, Saul Weiner
1Restorative Dentistry, New Jersey Dental School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
Purpose:
Current implant systems with screw-retained abutments permit direct laboratory fabrication of castings. Computer aided drafting systems further enhance the fabrication of computer-milled abutments (CMAs) and castings. The purpose of this study was to compare marginal accuracy, as measured by gap size, of castings made directly on CMAs with those made indirectly on epoxy and stone dies.
Materials And Methods:
Castings were made directly for 10 CMAs. Marginal gap measurements were made with the castings seated on the abutments (group A). Castings were also made indirectly on stone and epoxy dies obtained from impressions of the abutments. Marginal gap measurements were made with these indirectly made castings seated on their CMAs (groups B and E). In addition, the directly made castings were transferred between CMAs and marginal gap measurements made (group D). Marginal gap measurements of the groups were compared with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pair-wise comparisons (Scheffé test).
Results:
Groups A and D had marginal gaps of less than 100 microm. These marginal gaps were significantly smaller (P < .05) than the gaps of groups B and E, made on dies, which were approximately 200 to 500 microm.
Discussion And Conclusions:
With CMAs, it is possible to make an exact duplicate of the abutment. This permits the laboratory to make castings on duplicate abutments with greater precision than can be obtained using the indirect technique. Direct fabrication of castings resulted in smaller marginal gaps, which in turn allows a better marginal seal and improved retention of castings.
