Transient isotachophoresis in carrier ampholyte-based capillary electrophoresis for protein analysis

Transient ITP (t-ITP) has been used in carrier ampholyte-based CE (CABCE) to enhance the sensitivity of protein analysis. The characteristics of carrier ampholytes (CAs) narrow pH cuts-based buffers, when used as BGEs in CE are compatible with t-ITP requirements. Indeed, being the sole buffering species of such solutions, CAs impose a pH close to their pI. Thus, in these solutions, the CAs possess low electrophoretic mobility. As a consequence, by adding an ionic component with high electrophoretic mobility either in the studied sample or in the BGE, a t-ITP step can be generated. This has first been demonstrated for protein test mixtures. Then, the combination of t-ITP with CABCE has been applied to study a real sample, the bovine milk.