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Iron deficiency: global prevalence and consequences.

Rebecca J Stoltzfus1

  • 1Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. rjs62@cornell.edu

Food and Nutrition Bulletin
|October 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major global health issue, causing significant death and disability worldwide. New estimates highlight its public health importance, especially in Africa and Asia, necessitating urgent interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Global Health
  • Nutritional Epidemiology

Background:

  • Iron deficiency is a widespread malnutrition issue with unclear health consequence magnitudes.
  • Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) contributes to mortality and disability globally.
  • Previous estimates lacked consensus on the full impact of iron deficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present new estimates of the public health importance of IDA.
  • To quantify the burden of IDA using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2000 data.
  • To identify regions disproportionately affected by IDA.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized meta-analysis of observational studies for mortality risk estimation.
  • Calculated mortality risks based on hemoglobin concentration increases during pregnancy.

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  • Assessed the proportion of anemia attributable to iron deficiency globally.

    • Main Results:

    • Iron deficiency is a significant risk factor for maternal and perinatal mortality.
    • IDA directly contributes to cognitive impairment, reduced productivity, and severe anemia deaths.
    • Globally, IDA ranks 9th among 26 risk factors, causing 841,000 deaths and 35 million DALYs.
    • Africa and Asia bear the majority (71%) of the global mortality burden from IDA.

    Conclusions:

    • There is an urgent need for effective and sustainable interventions to control IDA.
    • Substantial private sector involvement is crucial for successful IDA control.
    • Addressing IDA is critical for improving global public health outcomes.