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Rotavirus infection frequency and risk of celiac disease autoimmunity in early childhood: a longitudinal study

Lars C Stene1, Margo C Honeyman, Edward J Hoffenberg

  • 1Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045-6511, USA.

The American Journal of Gastroenterology
|October 13, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Frequent rotavirus infections may increase the risk of celiac disease autoimmunity in children with a genetic predisposition. This study suggests a link between gastrointestinal infections and the development of celiac disease.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Celiac disease autoimmunity is a complex condition influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • The role of specific gastrointestinal infections in celiac disease development remains under-investigated.
  • Rotavirus, a common cause of pediatric gastrointestinal illness, is a potential environmental trigger.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the frequency of rotavirus infections and the risk of developing celiac disease autoimmunity.
  • To determine if increased rotavirus infection predicts a higher likelihood of celiac disease autoimmunity in genetically susceptible children.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study of 1,931 children with celiac disease human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk alleles.
  • Children were monitored from infancy for celiac disease autoimmunity, defined by elevated tissue transglutaminase (tTG) autoantibodies.
  • Rotavirus infection frequency was assessed by measuring changes in rotavirus antibody levels in serial serum samples.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-four cases of celiac disease autoimmunity were identified.
  • A higher frequency of rotavirus infections was significantly associated with an increased risk of celiac disease autoimmunity (rate ratio for trend per infection increase = 1.94, p=0.037).
  • This association remained significant after adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence suggesting that frequent rotavirus infections may elevate the risk of celiac disease autoimmunity in genetically predisposed children.
  • Rotavirus infection could be an environmental factor contributing to the development of celiac disease autoimmunity in susceptible individuals.
Abstract

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