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Updated: Jul 19, 2026
Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy
Published on: June 23, 2023
EEG-fMRI using z-shimming in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Andrew P Bagshaw1, Leili Torab, Eliane Kobayashi
1School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom. a.p.bagshaw@bham.ac.uk
Purpose:
To use z-shimming, a technique that reduces signal loss due to susceptibility artifacts that can result in reduced or absent activation in electroencephalography (EEG) functional MRI (fMRI) sessions in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), to determine whether it would result in an increased ability to detect significant regions of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal change.
Materials And Methods:
Eight patients with TL EEG spikes underwent an EEG-fMRI scanning session using z-shimming. The signal intensities in the z-shimmed images were compared with those in the standard images. BOLD activation maps were created from the two sets of images using the timings of the spikes observed on the EEG.
Results:
The mean signal increase in the TLs as a result of z-shimming was 45.9%+/-4.5%. The percentage of TL voxels above a brain intensity threshold rose from 66.1%+/-7.6% to 77.6%+/-5.7%. This appreciable increase in signal did not lead to any significant differences in the statistical maps created with the two sets of functional images.
Conclusion:
The results suggest that loss of signal is not the limiting factor for the detection of spike-related BOLD signal changes in patients with TLE activity.
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