Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 19, 2026

06:30
Using Phage Display to Develop Ubiquitin Variant Modulators for E3 Ligases
Published on: August 27, 2021
M13 bacteriophage coat proteins engineered for improved phage display.
Sachdev S Sidhu1, Birte K Feld, Gregory A Weiss
1Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 17, 2006
Summary
This study enhances protein display on M13 bacteriophage by mutating the coat protein. This method significantly increases protein fusion levels, improving phage display library applications.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- M13 bacteriophage is a common platform for displaying proteins on its surface.
- Current methods have limitations in achieving high levels of protein display.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a method for increasing protein fusion levels on M13 bacteriophage surfaces.
- To engineer the M13 coat protein for enhanced display capabilities.
Main Methods:
- Introduction of specific mutations into the M13 bacteriophage coat protein.
- Construction and screening of phage-displayed libraries.
- Quantification of protein fusion display levels.
Main Results:
- Achieved an increase in protein display levels by up to two orders of magnitude.
- Demonstrated successful engineering of the M13 coat protein for enhanced display.
- Validated experimental methods for library design and screening.
Conclusions:
- Mutating the M13 coat protein is an effective strategy to significantly boost protein display.
- This method offers a valuable tool for improving phage display technologies.
- Enhanced protein display has broad implications for various biotechnological applications.
Related Concept Videos
DNA Bacteriophages
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...
Bacteriophages of the Human Virome
Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages
In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...

