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Vitrification of copper flotation waste.

Alexander Karamanov¹, Mirko Aloisi, Mario Pelino

¹Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Science, G. Bonchev Str. Block 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. karama@ing.univaq.it

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|October 27, 2006

Summary

Vitrifying hazardous iron-rich waste in glass-ceramics enhances durability. Two formulations, WSZ and WG, demonstrated effective waste immobilization and potential for material recovery.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Waste Management
Geochemistry

Background:

Hazardous iron-rich waste from copper production poses environmental challenges.
Vitrification is a promising method for immobilizing hazardous waste.
Developing durable glass-ceramics from waste materials is crucial for sustainable waste management.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the vitrification of hazardous iron-rich waste (W).
To evaluate the properties of two glass-ceramic formulations (WSZ and WG) containing 30wt% waste.
To assess the chemical durability and crystallization behavior of the resulting glasses.

Main Methods:

Vitrification of waste mixtures at 1400°C.
Chemical durability testing using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP).
Thermal analysis (DTA) for crystallization evaluation.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification.
Microscopy (optical and SEM) for morphology observation.

Main Results:

Both WSZ and WG glass frits exhibited high chemical durability.
WSZ showed rapid bulk crystallization, suitable for glass-ceramic production via heat treatment.
WG exhibited slow crystallization but good sinterability, enabling sinter-crystallization.
Identified crystal phases included pyroxene and wollastonite solid solutions, magnetite, and hematite.

Conclusions:

Vitrification effectively immobilizes hazardous iron-rich waste into durable glass-ceramics.
The WSZ formulation is suitable for rapid glass-ceramic production.
The WG formulation offers an alternative route through sinter-crystallization.
These findings contribute to sustainable waste management and resource recovery in the metals industry.