Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

Color Vision

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Intra- and inter-hemispheric processing during binocular rivalry in mild glaucoma.

PloS one·2020

Same author

Effect of Visual Feedback on the Eye Position Stability of Patients with AMD.

Vision (Basel, Switzerland)·2019

Same author

Image Stabilization in Central Vision Loss: The Horizontal Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex.

Vision (Basel, Switzerland)·2019

Same author

Changes in Fixation Stability with Time during Binocular and Monocular Viewing in Maculopathy.

Vision (Basel, Switzerland)·2019

Same author

Dominance wave propagation during binocular rivalry in mild glaucoma.

Vision research·2019

Same author

Vection Responses in Patients With Early Glaucoma.

Journal of glaucoma·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Peripheral fading with monocular and binocular viewing.

Esther G González¹, Moshe Weinstock, Martin J Steinbach

¹Centre for Vision Research, York University, Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada. gonzalez@yorku.ca

Vision Research

|November 4, 2006

Summary

Peripheral target fading is faster with monocular viewing in normal vision. However, one-eyed individuals experience slower fading, suggesting binocular interactions influence visual perception and contrast sensitivity.

More Related Videos

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Vision Science
Perceptual Psychology

Background:

Troxler fading describes the disappearance of a stable peripheral visual stimulus.
Understanding factors influencing fading, such as viewing conditions, is crucial for visual perception research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of monocular versus binocular viewing on Troxler fading times.
To compare fading times between binocularly normal individuals and one-eyed observers.
To examine the role of brightness contrast in peripheral target fading.

Main Methods:

Measured fading times of peripheral targets under monocular and binocular viewing conditions.
Compared fading times in binocularly normal participants (with one eye patched) and enucleated (one-eyed) participants.
Controlled for fixation stability, pupil size, and blinking rate.

Main Results:

Binocularly normal observers showed significantly faster fading with monocular (patched) viewing compared to binocular viewing.
One-eyed observers exhibited significantly longer fading times than two-eyed observers viewing monocularly.
Fading times were consistently influenced by brightness contrast in all observers.

Conclusions:

Patching one eye in normal vision induces weak binocular rivalry, not true monocular vision.
The absence of inhibitory binocular interactions in one-eyed individuals may contribute to their reduced susceptibility to fading.
These findings highlight the importance of binocular interactions in visual processing and contrast perception.