Preparation of protein crystals for X-ray structural study

The knowledge of accurate molecular structures obtained by X-ray protein crystallography is now inevitable for rational drug design and for understanding the molecular basis underlying genetic disorders found in patients. However, preparing protein crystals suitable for structural analysis is currently the bottleneck in structure determination by this method. The intent of this chapter is to present current methods of preparing protein crystals for structural studies for a wide range of biologists who have access to macromolecules but do not know how to handle them for crystallization. The chapter includes the pretreatment of a protein prior to the crystallization experiment, initial screens, and optimization of the crystallization conditions for further X-ray study. Finally, handling considerations that are important for a protein intended for crystallization experiments are discussed.