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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation
Published on: December 13, 2024
Chronic low back pain
Andrew K Simpson1, Jacek Cholewicki, Jonathan Grauer
1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Abstract:
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent medical problems in society today. In addition to the profound effect LBP can have on patients, it has an exceedingly high societal cost. Although most acute episodes of back pain will ultimately resolve, this condition will become chronic for many. Those with chronic LBP are a challenge to treat. Nonetheless, with a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and treatment options, our management of these patients is gradually improving. Conservative therapy remains the mainstay treatment of chronic LBP. If this has failed, surgical options may be considered in the carefully selected patient. Fusion is the most established treatment option for this condition. Disc arthroplasty is being increasingly considered. Class I studies critically evaluating established and evolving technologies continue to help shape our understanding of the surgical options for this condition.
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