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Rhesus monkey rhadinovirus: a model for the study of KSHV.

C M O'Connor1, D H Kedes

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Myles H. Thaler Center for AIDS and Human Retrovirus Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA.

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Summary

Rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) is a valuable model for studying Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) due to its genetic manipulability and in vivo infection models. RRV research offers insights into gammaherpesvirus biology and KSHV-related diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) is a close relative of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a human gamma-2 herpesvirus linked to malignancies.
  • Unlike KSHV, RRV exhibits efficient lytic replication in vitro, facilitating studies on gene transcription, virion assembly, and proteomics.
  • Recent advancements include latent RRV infection models, enabling characterization of its latent transcriptional program.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight RRV's utility as a model for KSHV research.
  • To emphasize RRV's amenability to experimental manipulation in vitro and in vivo.
  • To underscore RRV's relevance in studying primate gammaherpesvirus biology and KSHV-associated pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of RRV and KSHV biology.
  • In vitro studies of RRV lytic and latent replication.
  • In vivo infection models using rhesus macaques.
  • Generation of mutant RRV strains for gene function studies.
  • Dual infection models with RRV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).

Main Results:

  • RRV demonstrates robust lytic replication and easier genetic manipulation compared to KSHV.
  • Latent RRV infection systems have been established for further study.
  • Experimental infection of rhesus macaques with RRV provides a natural in vivo model.
  • Dual RRV and SIV infection in macaques induces lymphoproliferative disorders similar to KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD).

Conclusions:

  • RRV serves as a highly relevant and experimentally tractable model for KSHV biology.
  • Its homology to KSHV, coupled with experimental advantages, solidifies its role in understanding gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis.
  • RRV research contributes to insights into KSHV-related diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.