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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
Published on: October 18, 2022
Medium scale integration of molecular logic gates in an automaton
Joanne Macdonald1, Yang Li, Marko Sutovic
1National Chemical Bonding Center: Center for Molecular Cybernetics, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. jm2236@columbia.edu
Abstract:
The assembly of molecular automata that perform increasingly complex tasks, such as game playing, presents an unbiased test of molecular computation. We now report a second-generation deoxyribozyme-based automaton, MAYA-II, which plays a complete game of tic-tac-toe according to a perfect strategy. In silicon terminology, MAYA-II represents the first "medium-scale integrated molecular circuit", integrating 128 deoxyribozyme-based logic gates, 32 input DNA molecules, and 8 two-channel fluorescent outputs across 8 wells.
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